What is the function of a buffer solution?

The function of a buffer solution is to resist changes in pH when acids or bases are added. This property is crucial in many biological and chemical processes where maintaining a stable pH is essential for optimal functioning. Buffers typically consist of a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid, allowing them to neutralize added acids or bases. When an acid is introduced, the buffer can react with the excess hydrogen ions (H+) to minimize the impact on pH. Similarly, if a base is added, the buffer can release hydrogen ions to counteract the increase in pH. This ability to maintain relatively constant pH levels makes buffers vital in various applications, including biochemical reactions, titrations, and any system where pH fluctuations can disrupt processes.