What does solubility measure in a solution?

Solubility is defined as the maximum amount of a solute that can dissolve in a specific amount of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. This measure indicates how well a solute can be integrated into the solvent to form a homogeneous solution. Specifically, the correct choice refers to the quantification of how much solute can dissolve in 100 grams of solvent. This information is critical for understanding the behavior of substances in solutions and is often expressed in grams of solute per 100 grams of solvent, which allows for easier comparison among various solvents and solutes.

The other options do not accurately reflect the definition of solubility. For example, the density of the solvent is a physical property related to mass and volume but does not indicate how much solute can dissolve in that solvent. Similarly, the temperature of the solvent, while it can influence solubility, is not a direct measurement of solubility itself. Lastly, pH levels are an indicator of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, which may not directly correlate with how much solute can dissolve; thus, it does not serve as a measure of solubility either.