What defines a saturated solution?

A saturated solution is characterized as one in which the maximum amount of solute has been dissolved in the solvent at a specific temperature and pressure. This definition highlights that a saturated solution reaches its limit, meaning any additional solute will not dissolve and will remain as a solid. The solute is in equilibrium with undissolved particles, emphasizing that the concentration of solute in the solution is at its highest possible level under the given conditions.

In contrast, some other options do not align with this definition. A solution with no solute dissolved would simply be the solvent itself, while heating to the boiling point does not inherently make a solution saturated. The presence of only one component implies either a pure substance or a single solute-solvent pair, which does not directly relate to saturation levels. Therefore, the essence of a saturated solution is embodied in the correct choice, signifying the balance achieved at maximum solute concentration.